Page 172 - GLOBAL TOURISM CHALLENGES IN 21st CENTURY
P. 172
'LVWULEXWLRQ RI OHDGHUVKLS DQG H[SHFWHG UHVXOWV LQ QXUVLQJ KRPHV
7KHUH LV ODUJH QXPEHU RI ³VXFFHVV UHFHSLHV´ ZKLFK FRXOG EH DSSOLFDEOH LQ WKH KHDOWK
VHFWLRQ EXW DOVR LQ QXUVLQJ KRPHV DV SDUW RI WKH VDPH 7KH ODUJHU QXPEHU RI WKHP
HPSKDVL]H WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI OHDGHUVKLS WKDW LV WKH QHFHVVLW\ RI VWURQJ OHDGHUVKLS EXW
WR DFKLHYH WKH DERYH PHQWLRQHG LV QRW HDV\ WKDW LV QRW DQ HDV\ WDVN 7KH H[SHULHQFH RI
WKH GHYHORSHG FRXQWULHV VR IDU VKRZHG WKDW WKH PRVW VXFFHVVIXO KHDOWK RUJDQL]DWLRQ
GHYHORSHG SROLF\ RI EHKDYLRU WR DOO HPSOR\HG DV WR SRWHQWLDO IXWXUH OHDGHUV LQ WKHLU
DUHDV
$OWKRXJK WKH OHDGHU LV FRQQHFWHG PRVW IUHTXHQWO\ WR WKH IRUPDO OHDGHU UROH VRPH
UHVHDUFK VXJJHVWV WKDW LQ QXUVLQJ KRPHV DV LQVWLWXWLRQV WKHUH VKRXOG EH LQIRUPDO
OHDGHUV ,Q ODUJH KHDOWK V\VWHPV HPSOR\HHV HYHU\ GD\ WHQ WLPHV SHU GD\ DUH IRUFHG WR
PDNH TXLFNO\ FRPSOH[ GHFLVLRQV YHU\ RIWHQ ZLWK FRQVHTXHQFHV RI OLIH RU GHDWK 7KH
RUGHUV DQG FRQWUROV WKDW OHDGHU REH\V DUH YHU\ IUHTXHQWO\ XQVXVWDLQDEOH LQ VXFK
FRPSOH[ FRQGLWLRQV DQG XQFHUWDLQ VXUURXQGLQJ WKDW LV WR VD\ YHU\ IUHTXHQWO\ LW LV
LPSRVVLEOH WR FRQILUP IURP WKH WRS WKH UHDO GHFLVLRQ LQ VRPH VLWXDWLRQ WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ
RI OHDGHUVKLS HQDEOHV WR WKH HPSOR\HG WR UHDFK VWURQJ GHFLVLRQ RQ ORFDO OHYHO OHG E\
RYHUDOO LGHDV DQG QRUPV RI WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQ ZLWKRXW WKH QHFHVVLW\ RI EXUGHQLQJ ZLWK
WRR PXFK DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ 6RPH RI WKH PRVW VXFFHVVIXO LQVWLWXWLRQV UHIHU WR DOO
HPSOR\HG DV WR SRWHQWLDO OHDGHUV LQ WKHLU RZQ DUHDV
5HVHDUFK
3RVLWLYH HIIHFWV IURP WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI OHDGHUVKLS LQ LQVWLWXWLRQV IRU WDNLQJ
FDUH RI ROG SHRSOH
&RQGXFWHG UHVHDUFK VKRZHG WKDW LQ WKH LQVWLWXWLRQ IRU WDNLQJ FDUH RI ROG SHRSOH WKDW
LV LQ QXUVLQJ KRPHV WKHUH DUH IUHTXHQWO\ DW OHDVW WKUHH GLIIHUHQW W\SHV RI OHDGHUV
LQVWLWXWLRQDO IRUPDO OHDGHUV VHUYLFH OHDGHUV DQG OHDGHUV RI ILUVW OLQH
7KH ILUVW JURXS RI OHDGHU LV RFFXSLHG RQO\ IRUPDOO\ RQ OHYHO RI H[HFXWLYH UROH WKH\
KDYH ZLGH NQRZOHGJH IURP WKH DUHD RI OHDGHUVKLS DQG PDQDJHPHQW ZKLFK PHDQV
H[LVWHQFH RI VR QDPHG KDUG VNLOOV VWUDWHJLF WKLQNLQJ DQG SODQQLQJ EXW DOVR VXFK ZKLFK
LQ OLWHUDWXUH DUH QDPHG VRIW QHJRWLDWLRQV DQG LQIOXHQFH
&KDUDFWHULVWLF IRU WKH LQVWLWXWLRQDO OHDGHUV LV WKH PDQDJHU RI LQVWLWXWLRQ RU DVVLVWDQW
PDQDJHU RI LQVWLWXWLRQ
7KH VHFRQG JURXS LV FKDUDFWHULVWLF E\ WKDW LW UHSUHVHQWV ODUJHO\ FRQVSLUDWRUV RI
WKHLU RZQ WHDP RU GHSDUWPHQWV ZDUG LQ QXUVLQJ KRPH EXW DW WKH VDPH WLPH WKH\ DUH
YHU\ FRQVFLRXV IRU WKH FRQWH[W DQG GHPDQG RI WKH ZKROH LQVWLWXWLRQ DV RUJDQL]DWLRQ
7KH\ KDYH GHWDLOHG NQRZOHGJH RQ EDVLV RI UHOHYDQW KLVWRULHV RI FOLHQWV DQG WKH\
LQWURGXFH FRQVWDQW LQQRYDWLRQV LQ RUGHU WR LPSURYH WKH VHUYLFHV RI WKH LQVWLWXWLRQ
7KH\ DUH UHVSRQVLEOH IRU WKH RYHUDOO HIILFLHQF\ RI WKH VHUYLFHV VXFK DV FOLQLFDO ZKLFK
ϵ
&ROODERUWLYH /HDGHUVKLS DQG +HDOWK IURP WKH /HDGHUVKLS 'HYHORSPHQW 1DWLRQDO
([HOOHQFH )LUVW LQ D VHULHV RI 7XUQLQJ 3RLQW UHVRXUFHV RG /HDGHUVKLS GHYHORSPHQW
6HDWWOH
ϭϲϱ

